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MPEG-DASH is similar to HLS in many ways. Instead of playlists MPEG-DASH uses XML-formatted MPD manifests. As with HLS, the stream can be divided into chunks but it’s optional here. The standard however is not bound to any particular codecs, protocols, or transports. MPEG-DASH typically is h264/h265-compressed video with aac audio transported with mp4, or vp8/vp9 transported with WebM. Because of this, you have to provide different playlist formats for different players.

At a certain point, their developers dumped Apple’s standard for delivering multiple audio tracks and added everything there is in regular MPEG-TS: mpeg2 video, mpeg2 audio, etc. Nonetheless, there’s a serious issue with HLS support in 3rd-party players.

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However, as of today almost all STBs and Android devices can.

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Even now Safari for Windows can’t play HLS. HLS was developed by Apple and initially worked only in Safari on iOS and Mac. HLS is overall quite plain but complex, so it behaves differently on different devices. HLS supports multi-bitrate streams, Live/VOD. The stream is divided into chunks described in m3u8 playlists and is transmitted over HTTP. HLS is h264-compressed video with aac- or mp3-compressed audio, transported with MPEG-TS. However, there are combinations supported by most browsers. All these different combinations are called “HTML5 streaming.”

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This is why browser developers are free to choose what combinations to support. To sum it up, the HTML5 spec doesn’t describe protocols, transports, or codecs.

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For instance, H.264 is a standard for compressing huge video frames into small amount of bytes, libx264 is a video compression library that uses this standard, and there’s also eponymous software for Windows that decodes h264 and plays it on the screen. Most streaming services don’t deal with codec-level compression and work with protocols and transports only.īecause the word codec can mean a lot of related things, it’s easy to get confused. Codecs are about compressing the video before streaming, transports are about sending the compressed video over a particular protocol. For example, the RTSP protocol uses RTP transport.Ĭodec actually means a lot of things but in our case it’s a way to compress raw video. protocol) and how the video should be packed (i.e. That is because RTMP’s spec describes both how the communicating parties should interact in order for the video stream to flow (i.e. Notice that RTMP is both a protocol and a transport. container defines how compressed video get packed into bytes for transmission over the wire from one party to another (using some protocol).Įxamples of containers: MPEG-TS, RTMP, RTP. Even when a monstrous petaFLOPS supercomputer connects to a tiny IP camera, the supercomputer is the client and the camera is the server.Ī protocol usually implies at least the Play command (“start playback”), but there can be are others: pause, continue, broadcast, fast-forward, etc.Įxamples of protocols: RTSP, RTMP, HTTP, HLS, IGMP. The stream can flow from the server to the client (video playback) or from the client to the server (broadcasting). The two parties are almost always a client and a server, client being the one initiating the communication. Protocol defines how communicating parties exchange data to receive data. Technically speaking, the HTML5 spec tell nothing about which protocols, transports, or codecs should be used with HTML5 video. It only cares about src pointing to any video stream. The tag doesn’t care how the stream is formed or transmitted, or whether the browser will be able to play it at all. YouTube does HTML video, Twitch does HTML5 streaming. HTML5 streaming is the same thing but when src points not to a complete video file but rather to an ever-updating video stream. HTML5 video is when you put a tag in your web page and set a certain src for it. We’ll tell what kinds of HTML5 streaming there are, which of them are any good, and why, for God’s sake, you can’t say “mp4 streaming.” Glossary In this article, we will once and for all clear up the confusion. It’s hard to blame the customers though: due to confusing terminology, technical complexity, and overwhelming variety of ways to stream video on the web, it’s no big deal to get confused. Customers often ask us if our server can do “mp4 streaming to HTML5.” In 99% of cases, they don’t understand what they’re talking about.

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